World War II USS Enterprise (Cv-6)

The USS Enterprise (CV-6) was an American aircraft carrier during World War II that earned 20 battle stars and the Presidential Unit Citation. Construction In the period after World War I, the US Navy began experimenting with different designs for aircraft carriers. A new class of warship, its first aircraft carrier, USS Langley (CV-1), was built from a converted collier and utilized a flush deck design (no island). This initial vessel was followed by USS Lexington (CV-2) and USS Saratoga (CV-3) which were constructed using large hulls that had been intended for battlecruisers. Sizable carriers, these vessels had air groups numbering around 80 aircraft and large islands. Late in the 1920s, design work moved forward on the US Navys first purpose-built carrier, USS Ranger (CV-4). Though less than half the displacement of Lexington and Saratoga, Rangers more efficient use of space allowed it to carry a similar number of aircraft. As these early carriers commenced service, the US Navy and the Naval War College conducted several tests and war games through which they hoped to determine the ideal carrier design. These studies concluded that speed and torpedo protection were of significant importance and that a large air group was necessary as it provided greater operational flexibility. They also found that carriers utilizing islands had enhanced control over their air groups, were better able to clear exhaust smoke, and could direct their defensive armament more effectively. Testing at sea also found that larger carriers were more capable of operating in difficult weather conditions than smaller vessels such as Ranger. Though the US Navy originally preferred a design displacing around 27,000 tons, due to the restrictions imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty, it instead was forced to choose one that provided the desired characteristics but only weighed approximately 20,000 tons. Carrying an air group of around 90 aircraft, this design offered a maximum speed 32.5 knots. Ordered by the US Navy in 1933, USS Enterprise was the second of three Yorktown-class aircraft carriers. Laid down on July 16, 1934 at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, work moved forward on the carriers hull. On October 3, 1936, Enterprise was launched with Lulie Swanson, wife of Secretary of the Navy Claude Swanson, serving as sponsor. Over the next two years, workers completed the vessel and on May 12, 1938 it was commissioned with Captain N.H. White in command. For its defense, Enterprise possessed an armament centered on eight 5 guns and four 1.1 quad guns. This defensive armament would be enlarged and enhanced several times during the carriers long career. USS Enterprise (CV-6) - Overview: Nation:  United StatesType:  Aircraft CarrierShipyard:  Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down:  July 16, 1934Launched:  October 3, 1936Commissioned:  May 12, 1938Fate:  Scrapped in 1958 Specifications: Displacement:  25,500 tonsLength:  824 ft., 9 in.Beam:  109 ft., 6 in.Draft:  25 ft., 11.5 in.Propulsion:  4 Ãâ€" Parsons geared steam turbines, 9 Ãâ€" Babcock Wilcox boilers, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed:  32.5 knotsRange:  14,380 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement:  2,217 men Armament (as built): 8 Ãâ€" single 5 in. guns4 Ãâ€" quad 1.1 in. guns24 Ãâ€" .50 caliber machine gunsAircraft90 aircraft USS Enterprise (CV-6) - Prewar Operations: Departing the Chesapeake Bay, Enterprise embarked on a shakedown cruise in the Atlantic which saw it make port at Rio de Janreiro, Brazil. Returning north, it later conducted operations in the Caribbean and off the East Coast. In April 1939, Enterprise received orders to join the US Pacific fleet at San Diego. Transiting the Panama Canal, it soon reached its new home port. In May 1940, with tensions with Japan rising, Enterprise and the fleet moved to their forward base at Pearl Harbor, HI. Over the next year, the carrier conducted training operations and transported aircraft to US bases around the Pacific. On November 28, 1941, it sailed for Wake Island to deliver aircraft to the islands garrison. Pearl Harbor Near Hawaii on Dec. 7, Enterprise launched 18 SBD Dauntless dive bombers and sent them to Pearl Harbor. These arrived over Pearl Harbor as the Japanese were conducting their surprise attack against the US fleet. Enterprises aircraft immediately joined in the defense of the base and many were lost. Later in the day, the carrier launched a flight of six F4F Wildcat fighters. These arrived over Pearl Harbor and four were lost to friendly anti-aircraft fire. After a fruitless search for the Japanese fleet, Enterprise entered Pearl Harbor on Dec. 8. Sailing the next morning, it patrolled west of Hawaii and its aircraft sank the Japanese submarine I-70. Early War Operations In late December, Enterprise continued patrols near Hawaii while other US carriers unsuccessfully attempted to relieve Wake Island. In early 1942, the carrier escorted convoys to Samoa as well as conducted raids against the Marshall and Marcus Islands. Joining with USS Hornet in April, Enterprise provided cover for the other carrier as it carried Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittles force of B-25 Mitchell bombers towards Japan. Launched on April 18, the Doolittle Raid saw the American planes strike targets in Japan before proceeding west to China. Steaming east, the two carriers arrived back at Pearl Harbor later that month. On April 30, Enterprise sailed to reinforce the carriers USS Yorktown and USS Lexington in the Coral Sea. This mission was aborted as the Battle of the Coral Sea was fought before Enterprise arrived. Battle of Midway Returning to Pearl Harbor on May 26 after a feint towards Nauru and Banaba, Enterprise was quickly readied to block an anticipated enemy attack on Midway. Serving as Rear Admiral Raymond Spruances flagship, Enterprise sailed with Hornet on May 28. Taking a position near Midway, the carriers were soon joined by Yorktown. At the Battle of Midway on June 4, aircraft from Enterprise sank the Japanese carriers Akagi and Kaga. They later contributed to the sinking of the carrier Hiryu. A stunning American victory, Midway saw the Japanese lose four carriers in exchange for Yorktown which was badly damaged in the fighting and later lost to a submarine attack. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on June 13, Enterprise began a month-long overhaul. Southwest Pacific Sailing on July 15, Enterprise joined Allied forces to support the invasion of Guadalcanal in early August. After covering the landings, Enterprise, along with USS Saratoga, took part in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on Aug. 24-25. Though the light Japanese carrier Ryujo was sunk, Enterprise took three bomb hits and was severely damaged. Returning to Pearl Harbor for repairs, the carrier was ready for sea by mid-October. Rejoining operations around the Solomons, Enterprise participated in the Battle of Santa Cruz on Oct. 25-27. Despite taking two bomb hits, Enterprise remained operational and took aboard many of Hornets aircraft after that carrier was sunk. Making repairs while underway, Enterprise remained in the region and its aircraft took part in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November and the Battle of Rennell Island in January 1943. After operating from Espiritu Santo in the spring of 1943, Enterprise steamed for Pearl Harbor. Raiding Arriving in port, Enterprise was presented with the Presidential Unit Citation by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. Proceeding to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, the carrier began an extensive overhaul which enhanced its defensive armament and saw the addition of an anti-torpedo blister to the hull. Joining the carriers of Task Force 58 that November, Enterprise took part in raids across the Pacific as well as introduced carrier-based night fighters to the Pacific. In February 1944, TF58 mounted as series of devastating attacks against Japanese warships and merchant vessels at Truk. Raiding through the spring, Enterprise provided air support for Allied landings at Hollandia, New Guinea in mid-April. Two months later, the carrier aided in attacks against the Marianas and covered the invasion of Saipan. Philippine Sea Leyte Gulf Responding to the American landings in the Marianas, the Japanese dispatched a large force of five fleet and four light carriers to turn back the enemy. Taking part in the resulting Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19-20, Enterprises aircraft aided in destroying over 600 Japanese aircraft and sinking three enemy carriers. Due to the lateness of the American attacks on the Japanese fleet, many aircraft returned home in darkness which greatly complicated their recovery. Remaining in the area until July 5, Enterprise aided operations ashore. After a brief overhaul at Pearl Harbor, the carrier commenced raids against the Volcano and Bonin Islands, as well as Yap, Ulithi, and Palau in late August and early September. The following month saw Enterprises aircraft hitting targets in Okinawa, Formosa, and the Philippines. After providing cover for General Douglas MacArthurs landings on Leyte on Oct. 20, Enterprise sailed for Ulithi but was recalled by Admiral William Bull Halsey due to reports that the Japanese were approaching. During the subsequent Battle of Leyte Gulf on Oct. 23-26, planes from Enterprise attacked each of the three main Japanese naval forces. Following the Allied victory, the carrier conducted raids in the area before returning to Pearl Harbor in early December. Later Operations Putting to sea on Christmas Eve, Enterprise carried the fleets only air group that was capable of night operations. As a result, the carriers designation was changed to CV(N)-6. After operating in the South China Sea, Enterprise joined TF58 in February 1945 and took part in attacks around Tokyo. Moving south, the carrier used its day-night capability to provide support for the US Marines during the Battle of Iwo Jima. Returning to the Japanese coast in mid-March, Enterprises aircraft attacked targets on Honshu, Kyushu, and in the Inland Sea. Arriving off Okinawa on April 5, it began air support operations for Allied forces fighting ashore. While off Okinawa, Enterprise was hit by two kamikazes, one on April 11 and the other on May 14. While the damage from first could be repaired at Ulithi, the damage from the second destroyed the carriers forward elevator and required a return to Puget Sound. Entering the yard on June 7, Enterprise was still there when the war ended in August. Fully repaired, the carrier sailed for Pearl Harbor that fall and returned to the US with 1,100 servicemen. Ordered to the Atlantic, Enterprise put into New York before proceeding to Boston to have additional berthing installed. Taking part in Operation Magic Carpet, Enterprise commenced a series of voyages to Europe to bring home American forces. At the conclusion of these activities, Enterprise had transported over 10,000 men back to the United States. As the carrier was smaller and dated relative to its newer consorts, it was deactivated at New York on Jan. 18, 1946 and fully decommissioned the following year. Over the next decade, attempts were made to preserve the Big E as a museum ship or memorial. Unfortunately, these efforts failed to raise enough money to buy the vessel from the US Navy and in 1958 it was sold for scrap. For its service in World War II, Enterprise received twenty battles st ars, more than any other US warship. Its name was revived in 1961 with the commissioning of USS Enterprise (CVN-65). Sources DANFS: USS Enterprise (CV-6)CV-6.orgUSS Enterprise

Obesity And The World Health Organization - 1701 Words

Today, as values of living continue to boost, weight increase and obesity are posing a rising threat to certain well-beings in countries all over the world. Obesity, now confirmed as a nationwide endemic by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is likely to get worse and amplify over time. â€Å"The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts there will be 2.3 billion overweight adults in the world by 2015 and more than 700 million of them will be obese† (Obesity: in Statistics, 2008, 2nd Statement). It is definite that most kids are inclined to eat junk food, and it is certain that most kids will become overweight as adults. About 15% of children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years are overweight, which is an increase of 4% from the 1988-1994 NHANES study† (Chatterjee, Blakely, Barton, 2005, p. 24). Statistics of obese persons in the United States alone are also greater in certain cultural and ethnic minority groups, especially African American and Hispanic s. â€Å"Between 1986 and 1998, incidences of being overweight increased significantly among African American children by 21.5% and for Hispanic children by 21.8%. That is nearly almost  ¼ of the population! Among all low-income children, the prevalence of being overweight was found to be highest among Latino children by (12%) followed by Asian-Pacific Islander (9.6%), African American (7.8%) and Whites (7.1%)† (Chatterjee, Blakely, Barton, 2005, p. 24,) â€Å"The total cost of obesity by some estimates is $100 billionShow MoreRelatedObesity : The World Health Organization946 Words   |  4 PagesIn today s world, obesity has reached epidemic proportions – so much it has become a global epidemic. 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Brown vs. Board of Education Essay - 1308 Words

Brown v. Board of Education The case of brown v. board of education was one of the biggest turning points for African Americans to becoming accepted into white society at the time. Brown vs. Board of education to this day remains one of, if not the most important cases that African Americans have brought to the surface for the better of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education (Silent Covenants pg 11); it was about being equal in a society that claims African Americans were treated equal, when in fact they were definitely not. This case was the starting point for many Americans to realize that separate but equal did not work. The separate but equal label did not make sense either, the†¦show more content†¦The hopes of this case were for much more than just the school system, the colored people wanted to get this case to the top to abolish separate but equal. With Browns complaint, it had the right plaintiff at the right time. The NAACP saw this as the perfect time to strike because the case really was a true showing of how separate but equal was just not what it claimed to be, Brown had no problem getting other black parents to join in on the case, and, in 1951, the NAACP requested an injunction that would forbid the segregation of Topekas public schools. The U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas heard Browns case from June 25-26, 1951. At the trial, the NAACP argued that segregated schools sent the message to black children that they were inferior to whites; therefore, the schools were inherently unequal. One of the expert witnesses, Dr. Hugh W. Speer, testified that ...if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored childs curriculum is being greatly curtailed. 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The Plessy vs. Ferguson court case had a profound affect on the social interaction of racial groups in the late 19th to early 20th century causing tension between the two most prominent races within the United States, the Caucasians and the African Americans, which included Hispanics and other non-white citizensRead MoreBrown vs Board of Education600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education as a major turning point in African American. Brown vs Board of Education was arguably the most important cases that impacted the African Americans and the white society because it brought a whole new perspective on whether à ¢â‚¬Å"separate but equal† was really equal. The Brown vs Board of Education was made up of five different cases regarding school segregation. â€Å"While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsoredRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education878 Words   |  4 Pages Brown vs. Board of Education Is our nation becoming segregated again in light of the recent current events? When you turned on your television last week, did you get a sense of remorse for both the black community as well as the law enforcement community? Our nation is facing many obstacles today regarding equal rights for all. Recently, I have read an essay released in a magazine called, The American School Board Journal, titled â€Å"The Ruling that Changed America† by Juan Williams which he alsoRead MoreThe Brown Vs Board Of Education Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education was a remarkable set of five cases that paved the way for desegregation in schools and eventually resulting in the Civil Rights Act being passed. 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It is however the law for students to receive equal education, and North Carolina has a No Child left Behind Act that is clearly not in full effect in CMS, which will eventually force CMS supervisors to start playing a role in how their schools will not fall short of making their students successful. Background The Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 ruledRead MoreEssay on Brown vs. Board of Education786 Words   |  4 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education Although slavery was finally ended at the end of the nineteenth century black people found themselves still in the process of fighting. What they had to fight for was their own rights. The Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the civil war brought about literal freedom but the beliefs and attitudes of whites, especially in the south kept the black people repressed. In this paper I would like to share the research that I found that helped to launch the fight

Dream Street by Dream Street free essay sample

Do you remember the days when boy bands ruled? No, I dont mean the Jonas Brothers or Allstar Weekend – Im talking about the dancing/lip-syncing boy bands with corny rhymes and meaningless lyrics. You know, Backstreet Boys, N Sync, and New Kids on the Block. My favorite has always been Dream Street. Yeah, yeah, I know most of you are probably thinking, Who? Well, I dont blame you since theyve only released two  ­albums. Dream Street were best known for their high-pitched, child-like voices. (Imagine that, the voice that made millions of girls fall in love with Justin Bieber existed long before him.) Dream Street fit every criteria for a boy band: they danced, they sang, their lyrics were corny and rhyming, they incorporated the name of their band into their songs (â€Å"Oh its magic when we meet/Baby down on dream street†), and they sang about nothing but girls, girls, girls †¦ but, hey, thats why we love them, right? Well, thats why I loved them. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Street by Dream Street or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their music is high- ­energy and perfect when youre upset, happy, in love, just got dumped, or are falling asleep. Its odd to find a band whose music you can listen to any time. This album reminds me of simpler times, before things got complicated. I like to listen to it at night and just forget everything. If you were a fan of the boy band era, or if you just like happy-go-lucky music, â€Å"Dream Street† is for you.